
Immunohistochemistry (IHC) refers to the method of localizing specific antigens in cells or tissue sections based on the binding of labeled antibody to antigens. The antigen-antibody interaction could be visualized by a marker such as enzyme, radiolabel, fluorophore or colloidal metal. IHC makes it possible to visualize the distribution and localization of specific cellular components within a cell or tissue.
There are two methods for the immunohistochemical detection of antigens in tissue, the direct and indirect methods. The direct method, it is one-step staining with a labeled antibody reacting directly to antigen in tissue sections. This method is simple and rapid but lack of sensitivity. The indirect method requires the use of two antibodies. One is unlabeled primary antibody which reacts with tissue antigen and the other is a labeled secondary antibody which react with this primary antibody. The indirect method is more sensitive due to several secondary antibody reactions with different antigenic sites on the primary antibody and allows for signal amplification. Abnova uses the indirect method to detect antigens in tissue.
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