Proximity Ligation Analysis of protein-protein interactions between TGFB1 and APP. HeLa cells were stained with anti-TGFB1 rabbit purified polyclonal 1:1200 and anti-APP mouse monoclonal antibody 1:50. Each red dot represents the detection of protein-protein interaction complex, and nuclei were counterstained with DAPI (blue).
TGFB is a multifunctional peptide that controls proliferation, differentiation, and other functions in many cell types. TGFB acts synergistically with TGFA (MIM 190170) in inducing transformation. It also acts as a negative autocrine growth factor. Dysregulation of TGFB activation and signaling may result in apoptosis. Many cells synthesize TGFB and almost all of them have specific receptors for this peptide. TGFB1, TGFB2 (MIM 190220), and TGFB3 (MIM 190230) all function through the same receptor signaling systems.[supplied by OMIM